Therefore, the proposed haptic stylus can create varied haptic sensations.ĭespite the drive to digitise learning, paper still holds a prominent role within educational settings. Under maximum input voltage, the stylus generates a wide range of resistive force from 2.33 N to 27.47 N, whereas under maximum pressed depth it varied from 1.08 N to 27.47 N with a corresponding change in voltage input from 0 V to 3.3 V. A universal testing machine was constructed to evaluate haptic performance of the proposed haptic stylus, whose resistive force was measured with the constructed setup as a function of pressed depth and input current, and by varying the pressed depth and pressing speed. The designed stylus has a force generation, force transmission, and housing part moreover, in the stylus, all three operating modes of MR fluids contribute to the haptic actuation to produce a wide range of resistive force generated by MR fluids in a limited size, thereby providing a variety of pressing sensations to users. Therefore, this paper presents a miniature tunable haptic stylus based on magnetorheological (MR) fluids to provide kinesthetic information to users. In mobile devices, the screen size limits conveyance of immersive experiences haptic feedback coupled with visual feedback is expected to have a better effect to maximize the level of immersion. We conducted an experiment that confirmed the efficacy of our design in helping users discover a new interface and identify and correct their er- rors. Using this matrix, we implemented a multimodal pen prototype demonstrating the potential of our approach. Using three modalities (visual, tactile, and auditory) which can be eas- ily implemented on a pen-sized computer, we introduce a conceptual matrix to guide systematic research on pen-top feedback for paper-based interfaces. We identify three levels of feed- back: discovery feedback (e.g., to aid with menu learning), status-indication feedback (e.g., for error detection), and task feedback (e.g., to aid in a search task). So far, there has been little systematic explora- tion of the structure, constraints, and contingencies of feed- back-mechanisms in paper-based interaction systems for paper-only environments. Current paper-based interfaces such as PapierCraft, provide very little feedback and this limits the scope of possible interactions.
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