Ikmelt Jaan’s father, whose name was Prits, he made the first one. About 30 years later there was a little more. “I didn’t have a carpenter’s bench earlier. The story of carpenter Juhan Kaseoks (born 1866) of Keila is characteristic: The rapid development of village cabinetmaking in the second half of the 19th century brought the bench into the village. Of course, there may have been estate carpenters who had acquired benches somewhat earlier, even a century or more. It became known in the village later still, and its actual appearance can be placed within living memory of the older generation, i.e. So the carpenter’s bench (“höövlipink,” also “kruupink, tisleripink, puusepa pink”) as we know it today is no older that two or three centuries. But in the 18th century, benches as represented in drawings and lithographs bear resemblance to the present-day bench. Only in German drawings of the 16th century do we see higher and wider benches, although still simpler and more primitive than the benches known today. It also appears from representations of Nuremberg cabinetmakers from 13 that they, too, have used identical benches. Such simple workbenches were still usual for Russian home-industry workers at the beginning of the past century. Sometimes there is a square hole in the center for the inverted wedge when holding the plane steady and jointing the edge of a board (see Fig. Mostly there are two holes next to each other near the middle of the bench and the board is fastened on the bench so it is possible to plane the edge of the board (Fig. In other places there is often only one stick at the end of the bench. The typical Avinurme workbench has two holes at one of its ends, and the board to be planed is fastened either against or between pegs driven in these holes, so that the person planing sits astride on the bench (Fig. The older generation throughout the country still remembers planing on the simple bench. In places such benches are still used, particularly in Avinurme or elsewhere where home industry has persevered. 56) served for this and on which also other woodwork was done. For a long time a simple low working bench, in Avinurme, “tööjärg” (Fig. The use of the plane presumes a base on which the item being planed is fastened. This edition contains more than 240 crisp, original photos and line drawings. The 1969 unauthorized translation used poorly reproduced images, likely mimeographs, which were murky and dark. We also obtained the rights to the original photos and drawings. Using the 1996 Estonian edition of the Estonian book, we commissioned a new English translation. We contacted the author before his death in 2015 to secure rights for the first authorized English translation. Lost Art Press spent more than two years bringing this book back to life. Viires records in great detail everything from the superstitions surrounding the harvesting of wood (should you whistle in the forest?) to detailed descriptions of how the Estonians dried the wood, bent it, steamed it and even buried it in horse dung to shape it for their needs. “Woodworking in Estonia” is an important piece of evidence in understanding how our ancestors worked wood and understood it more intimately than we do. If all this sounds like a dry treatise, it’s not. Viires combined personal interviews and direct observation of work habits with archaeological evidence and a thorough scouring of the literature in his country and surrounding nations. The author, Ants Viires, devoted his life to recording the hand-tool folkways of his country without a shred of romanticism. It is, according to Underhill, “one of the best books on folk woodworking ever” and covers the entire woodworking history of this small Northern European nation from pre-historical times through occupation by the Germans and Soviets up through Estonian independence. Translated into English without the author’s permission in the late 1960s, “Woodworking in Estonia” has been a cult classic ever since it first surfaced. It’s one of Roy Underhill’s three favorite woodworking books, but you can’t buy a copy of it for love or money. The following is excerpted from “ Woodworking in Estonia,” by Ants Viires translation by Mart Aru. It was selected as the Estonian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 88th Academy Awards but it was not nominated.FIG. The fate of the two soldiers exemplifies the story of a whole country that was almost crushed between the mills of two great powers, forced into a war. Either they go for the Russian occupiers to arms or stand under Hitler's banner in the Waffen-SS. Like thousands of their compatriots, the young Estonians somehow want to survive the war and they have no choice. In occupied Estonia, Karl Tammik, stationed at the Tannenberg Line, fights in the Waffen-SS while Jüri Jõgi has to serve as an officer in the Red Army. 1944 is a 2015 Estonian war drama film directed by Elmo Nüganen ( Names in Marble).
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